Religion is a cultural system of beliefs, values and practices. It may include prayers, sacrifices, sacred texts and symbols, rituals and a sense of community. It is a powerful force in the lives of many people around the world, with some studies suggesting it helps to keep them healthy.
There are many different definitions of religion, ranging from the purely metaphysical to the merely social. The former includes belief in a supernatural being or the idea that life after death is possible. The latter includes a belief that humans must do something to be rewarded or to avoid punishment after death. It also includes a number of ideas about the nature of reality, including reincarnation and other ways to return to life.
The development of the concept of religion was helped by the rise of anthropology and social history, which gave researchers systematic knowledge about religions worldwide. The German social philosopher Emile Durkheim (1805-1884) and the German sociologist Max Weber were among those who examined the influence of religion on society in the wake of 19th century European industrialization and secularization. They were among the founders of modern sociology.
One of the most important roles of religion is to provide a framework for moral behavior. This is done by teaching people about what is right and wrong, and by giving them sanctions and rewards for following these guidelines. Another function is to help people cope with the fear that comes from knowing that they will die and that they will be judged after their death. The existence of these fears explains why so many people feel the need for religious guidance.